(1) After a century or more of anticlerical persecution, moreover, Catholics were fully integrated into the political mainstream, and exercised considerable leverage over political decisions relating to education.(2) Despite his obvious personal interest in the revolution of 1399, he was also a vigorous defender of the English church from heresy and anticlerical threats.(3) He observed that he was the victim of a tide of radicalism sweeping Europe: revolution in Russia, anticlerical radicalism in France, socialist advance in Germany.(4) conflict precipitated by a failed military coup d’état in July 1936, itself provoked by violent social and anticlerical disorders following the election of a Popular Front government.(5) The Church exploited to the full the political implications of anticlerical legislation.(6) Even the anticlerical Giuseppe Verdi and the nonbelieving James Joyce express the central values of the Catholic imagination.(7) This claim should be contrasted with the anticlerical , even antireligious, tone of the more radical voices of the French Enlightenment.(8) As in Italy, men continued to manifest anticlerical traditions and to attend church only on selected occasions, such as weddings and funerals.(9) His father was an anticlerical , Socialist blacksmith, his mother a schoolteacher.(10) Yet the Third Reich's policies also involved rural depopulation and anticlerical violence.(11) The Fascists had their roots in bitterly anticlerical Italian radical nationalism, Mussolini himself having been a Socialist leader until the First World War.(12) Voltaire is not a lot more anticlerical than Boccaccio, who's as medieval as they come.(13) A deputy for the Socialist Party from 1902, he joined the Radical government as Minister of Public Instruction and Worship in 1906, where he was responsible for the introduction of sweeping anticlerical measures.(14) Bolivar's anticlerical policies of the mid-1820s affected both the male and female orders, and Bolivar's program has received ample attention for Bolivia.(15) Unlikely colonial alliances were regularly established, therefore, between diehard anticlerical republicans and committed Catholics.(16) The impact of the Revolution outside France was also strong, due to the victories of French armies, which implemented the government's anticlerical policies upon the conquered regions.
